電加熱器簡介

電加熱是將電能轉換為熱能的(de)(de)(de)過程。自從(cong)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源通過導(dao)線(xian)可以發(fa)(fa)生熱(re)(re)(re)(re)效應(ying)之后，世(shi)界上(shang)(shang)就(jiu)許多發(fa)(fa)明家從(cong)事于各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)研究與制造。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)及普(pu)及應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)與其(qi)它行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)一樣，遵(zun)循著這樣一個規律：從(cong)先進 的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家逐步(bu)推廣到(dao)(dao)(dao)世(shi)界各國(guo);從(cong)城市逐步(bu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)農村;由集(ji)體(ti)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)家庭(ting)、再到(dao)(dao)(dao)個人;產品(pin)(pin)(pin)由低檔發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)高檔。十九世(shi)紀(ji)處于萌(meng)芽階段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)大都是(shi)拙劣(lie)的(de)(de)(de)，最早出(chu)現(xian)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于生活的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，1893年電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)慰(wei)斗(dou)的(de)(de)(de)雛型首在美(mei)國(guo)出(chu)現(xian)并使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，接著到(dao)(dao)(dao)1909年出(chu)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)灶的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，那是(shi)在爐灶中(zhong)放置電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)，也(ye)(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)說(shuo)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)從(cong)柴禾(he)轉移到(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)，即從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉變(bian)為(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能。但是(shi)真正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)急(ji)速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，卻(que)是(shi)在用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)元(yuan)件的(de)(de)(de)鎳鉻合(he)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)明之后。1910年美(mei)國(guo)首先研制成(cheng)功用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鎳鉻合(he)金(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)絲制作的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)慰(wei)斗(dou)，這就(jiu)從(cong)根本(ben)上(shang)(shang)改善了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)慰(wei)斗(dou)結構，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)慰(wei)斗(dou)迅速得到(dao)(dao)(dao)普(pu)及。到(dao)(dao)(dao)1925年在日本(ben)出(chu)現(xian)在鍋(guo)中(zhong)安裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)元(yuan)件的(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)，成(cheng)為(wei)現(xian)代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)飯鍋(guo)的(de)(de)(de)原形。在這階段(duan)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)上(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)出(chu)現(xian)實驗室(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐，熔膠爐、暖氣(qi)器(qi)(qi)等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)。1910年至1925年是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)歷(li)史上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)大發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)階段(duan)，在家庭(ting)和工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)方面，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)各種品(pin)(pin)(pin)種的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)和普(pu)及應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)都得到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)急(ji)速的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，而尤以家庭(ting)方面為(wei)甚。所以鎳鉻合(he)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)明是(shi)奠(dian)定了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)基礎。

二十年代以后在新的應用發展方面沒有上一時期多，但是在這階段內所有各種電熱電器都曾重新設訂而不斷改良，成為電熱電器歷史上的提高階段。在家用電熱電器方面，各種器具都設計得更為美觀、耐用和堅固，而且大部分都有自動溫度和時控制，所以運用不得法、溫度不合和發生災的可能性都可免除。像電灶，烤面包器、烙餅器等都有自動控制。同時制造用料也加以改良，如采用質量良限的A級鎳鉻絲，用氧化鎂或氧化鋯作絕緣體等。在工業方面，也和家用加熱器具一樣，使用了自動控制裝置及改用良好的材料，如熔臘鍋、熔鉛爐、各種大型烘爐、熱處理爐等都得到普遍的提高和應用。到四十年代以后，由于美國科學技術進步、電費便宜、發了戰財、收入相對較高等原因，促成電熱電器進入普及階段。1940年電慰斗在美國家庭普及率達到了解情況%。解放前中國由于受到帝國主義侵略和反動派的統治，電熱電器工業一直處于非常落后的狀態。解放后才得到不斷發展，特別是在產品品種、數量和應用普及率上進入一個突飛猛進的階段。