電加(jia)熱器(qi)簡介

電加熱是將電能轉換為熱能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)。自(zi)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源通過(guo)導線可以(yi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)效應之后，世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)上就許(xu)多發(fa)(fa)明家(jia)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)事于(yu)(yu)各(ge)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)與制造。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)及普及應用也(ye)(ye)與其它行業一樣，遵循著這樣一個(ge)規律：從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)先進 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)逐步(bu)推(tui)廣到世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)各(ge)國(guo);從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)城市逐步(bu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到農村;由(you)集體使用發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到家(jia)庭、再(zai)到個(ge)人(ren);產(chan)品(pin)(pin)由(you)低檔發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到高檔。十(shi)九(jiu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀處于(yu)(yu)萌芽(ya)階段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)大都是(shi)(shi)拙劣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，最早(zao)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)用于(yu)(yu)生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，1893年(nian)(nian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)慰斗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雛型首(shou)在(zai)美(mei)國(guo)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)并使用，接著到1909年(nian)(nian)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)灶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用，那是(shi)(shi)在(zai)爐灶中放置電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)，也(ye)(ye)就是(shi)(shi)說加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)柴禾轉移到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣，即從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉變(bian)為(wei)(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)。但是(shi)(shi)真(zhen)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)工業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)急(ji)速(su)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，卻(que)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)用作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)元件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鎳(nie)鉻(ge)合(he)金的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)明之后。1910年(nian)(nian)美(mei)國(guo)首(shou)先研制成功用鎳(nie)鉻(ge)合(he)金電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)絲制作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)慰斗，這就從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)根本上改善(shan)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)慰斗結構，使用慰斗迅速(su)得到普及。到1925年(nian)(nian)在(zai)日本出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)鍋(guo)中安(an)裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)元件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)，成為(wei)(wei)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)飯(fan)鍋(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原形。在(zai)這階段工業上也(ye)(ye)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)實(shi)驗室用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐，熔膠爐、暖氣器(qi)等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)。1910年(nian)(nian)至1925年(nian)(nian)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)歷史上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)階段，在(zai)家(jia)庭和工業方面(mian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)各(ge)種(zhong)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)和普及應用都得到了急(ji)速(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，而(er)尤以(yi)家(jia)庭方面(mian)為(wei)(wei)甚(shen)。所以(yi)鎳(nie)鉻(ge)合(he)金的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)明是(shi)(shi)奠定了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)工業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎。

二十年代以后在新的應用發展方面沒有上一時期多，但是在這階段內所有各種電熱電器都曾重新設訂而不斷改良，成為電熱電器歷史上的提高階段。在家用電熱電器方面，各種器具都設計得更為美觀、耐用和堅固，而且大部分都有自動溫度和時控制，所以運用不得法、溫度不合和發生災的可能性都可免除。像電灶，烤面包器、烙餅器等都有自動控制。同時制造用料也加以改良，如采用質量良限的A級鎳鉻絲，用氧化鎂或氧化鋯作絕緣體等。在工業方面，也和家用加熱器具一樣，使用了自動控制裝置及改用良好的材料，如熔臘鍋、熔鉛爐、各種大型烘爐、熱處理爐等都得到普遍的提高和應用。到四十年代以后，由于美國科學技術進步、電費便宜、發了戰財、收入相對較高等原因，促成電熱電器進入普及階段。1940年電慰斗在美國家庭普及率達到了解情況%。解放前中國由于受到帝國主義侵略和反動派的統治，電熱電器工業一直處于非常落后的狀態。解放后才得到不斷發展，特別是在產品品種、數量和應用普及率上進入一個突飛猛進的階段。